Date: 18-21
February 2014
Venue: Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Objectives:
1. Review
country’s activities and legal framework for facilitating community-based
resources management with fishing right system;
2. Identify
key factors for successful implementation of community-based management; and
3. Identify
ways and means for future promotion of community-based resources management by
the countries.
Conclusion of the Workshop
The ASEAN Regional Workshop for Facilitating
Community-based Resources Management in Coastal and Inland Fisheries was
organized on 18-21 February 2014 in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, with support from the
ASEAN Foundation and Japanese Trust Fund. The Workshop was participated by the
representatives from the ASEAN-SEAFDEC Member Countries (except Singapore), representative
from the ASEAN Foundation, SEAFDEC Secretary-General, Deputy Secretary-General
and officials of SEAFDEC Secretariat and Training Department, and experts on
community-based resources management as resource persons.
The
Opening of the Workshop was officiated by H.E.
Mr. San Vanty, Under-Secretary of the State, Ministry of Agriculture,
Forestry and Fisheries of Cambodia, together with H.E. Prof. Dr. Nao Thuok, Director of Fisheries Administration and
the SEAFDEC Council Director for Cambodia, and Mr. Hajime Kawamura, the Deputy Secretary-General of SEAFDEC.
The former Assistant Director-General of Fisheries
and Aquaculture Department of FAO, Mr.
Ichiro Nomura, delivered a Keynote Speech on “Importance of Community-based
Management for Southeast Asian Small-scale Fisheries”. Then, the background,
objectives and expected outputs from the Workshop as presented by Mr. Lieng Sopha, from the Fisheries of
Administration of Cambodia. After that, the Member Countries presented their
country's activities, legal framework and difficulties/problems for
facilitating community-based resources management.
Then, Dr. Yuttana Theparoonrat from SEAFDEC
made presentation on “SEAFDEC Support Activities to Member Countries for
Facilitation of Implementation Community-based Management”. The on-going
projects/activities of SEAFDEC were also presented, e.g. particularly
the training of the trainers (TOT) conducted in Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar,
Philippines, and Vietnam, aiming to enhance the capacity of fisheries officers
and trainers of these countries on fisheries management approaches,
co-management, so that these trainers could further conduct mobile on-site
trainings (MOT) in their respective countries. In addition to topics on
management, other aspects as required by countries could also be incorporated
in the training.
Moreover,
the invited resource persons namely, 1) Dr.
Mitsutaku Makino, 2) Mr. Rikio Sato,
3) Ms. Ravadee Prasertcharoensuk, and
4) Dr. Kungwan Juntarashote presented
on the 1) Community-Based Management
with Fishing Rights in Japan, 2) Effectiveness and Efficiencies of Autonomous
Resource Management by Fishery Group and Case Study in Japan, 3) Ecosystem-based
Management as a Tool for Conflict Resolution and Conservation of Marine
Fisheries: Experience from MFF’s Large Project, 4) Activities Facilitate of
Community-based Management in ASEAN, respectively.
Based
on the countries’ presentations and the experiences shared by resource persons,
the Workshop concluded the key factors for the success implementation of the
CBRM and fishing right system, as follows:
A) Government
Factors
- Availability and implementation
of legal and policy framework that support the establishment of CBRM and
rights-based fisheries; and allow fishers group/organization to manage their
own resources, with clear roles and responsibilities defined for resource
users, government and concern stakeholders.
- Government
and/or other agencies to provide support to community-based
co-management, such as in term of financial/technical supports to the activities,
and capacity building to enhance awareness and understanding of fisheries
officers and resource users to fully understand the management concept.
- Set clear process for the
implementation and facilitation of CBRM, the process should include: Set up of
support official team to facilitate CRFM; Pre-survey on fisheries condition of
community for making strategies to facilitate CBRM; Education to community
fishers on community-based fisheries management; Conduct of planning meeting
with core persons; and establishment of CRMO.
- External
agencies (e.g. NGOs, academic and
research institutions) could play roles in expedite the co-management process
(define problems; provide independent advice, ideas and expertise, etc.).
- Community
resource management rights are defined (with legal basis), and
mechanism/structure established for allocation of rights to community members.
Rights should be referred to territorial and use right, and should not be
treated as property rights or could not be transferred to others.B) Fisheries Community Factors
- Fisheries
resource boundaries should be clearly defined. Boundary should take in to
consideration watershed or life cycle of target species, in order to ensure
effective management. Cooperation among fisheries communities is necessary for
management of resources that share similar ecosystem, particularly migratory
and shared resources.
- Community
membership
could be clearly defined, e.g.
individual fishers or households with rights to fish in the area, and to
participate in area management. Group members should also be homogenous, e.g.
in social dimension, types of fishing operation, with common problems and
needs.
- Community members, resource users
and stakeholders that could be affected by management measures should be
included and actively participated
in the formulation/adjustment in the implementation of such management
measures. Community could also take active roles in data collection to support
formulation of appropriate management measures. Migrant fishers
should also be joined on the decision of management measures.
- Establishment of management
measures should be based on available data (e.g. daily catch, fishing
effort, etc.) and information, taking into consideration specific situation and
requirements of different localities, as well as culture and traditional
knowledge of the communities. Management measures should be based on holistic
approach, and consider ecosystem approach that balances the need for
social-economic and ecology dimensions.
- Individual community members
should find rules/regulations for management credible and equitable to
encourage participation of all partners.
- Community has active/responsible leader.
- Community members should be
encouraged to have willingness to cooperate and contribute (time, effort, etc.)
to management process. In this regard, incentive structure for individual
community members should be clearly defined (incentives in social and economic
aspects) in order to encourage community participation. Compensation should be
considered, e.g. for reducing fishing
pressures, etc. In addition, fisheries organization should also have incentives
for undertaking management roles/functions.
- Community
members educated and empowered, to have full awareness on their rights to
participate in decision-making and implementation process of management
measures.
- Under the community resource
users rights, all member of CBRM must take responsibility for their activities
decisions without being pressured from government and politics.
- Membership of local organization
should be clearly defined.
- Community has adequate financial
resources to sustain community-based co-management activities. To sustain the
management activities, financial resources should not rely only on
external support, but community should also earn incomes from other sources
such as membership fee, etc.
In addition, the difficulties and problems of the
ASEAN Member Countries in facilitating CBRM as well as the way forward for the
promotion of CBRM and related initiatives in their respective countries were
indentified. For the conclusion of the Workshop, the Workshop suggested SEAFDEC
to consider preparing a policy brief on CBRM, which could compile lessons
learnt from various CBRM-related initiatives, in order to promote understanding
on CBRM for policy makers and relevant stakeholders. The Workshop also
suggested the compilation of success stories on CBRM in order to facilitate
sharing of lessons learnt and implementation in other countries. This could be
done through production of tools and materials, including audio-materials.
Representatives attending in the Workshop were also encouraged to continue
promoting CBRM, as well as to encourage policy makers in their respective
countries to promote the application of CBRM concept in the future.
ไม่มีความคิดเห็น:
แสดงความคิดเห็น